Indonesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Indonesia - Research Paper Example Indonesia cuts its way of life as a country through many years first as a key exchange point for Indian and Arab merchants, at that point as a land attached in triumph with European colonization. Social issues isolate the populace at numerous focuses, for instance, the spot of ladies in the work advertise, feminized work, ladies' privileges and prostitution, testimonial, dress, strict recognition andâ politics. Â Â Â Â Â Â The socioeconomics of Indonesia illuminate on the populace's race, religion, dialects, and ages. Indonesia is a nation of different ethnicities. Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese and Minangkabau speak to certain instances of these races. Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism are some perceived religions in Indonesia. The official dialects of Indonesia are Bahasa Indonesiaâ and Javanese. From the national enumeration in 2009, Indonesia detailed a populace totaling 240.3 million. The future for men is 67 years and the future for ladies is 72 years (U.S. Branch of State). Â Â Â Â Â Â Although not an Islamic state, in excess of 85 percent of Indonesia affirm the Muslim confidence. Islam has set up profound roots in Indonesia since the fifth century in which Indian dealers moved their convictions to the Indonesian Natives. The blend of conventional religion with Islam delivered a syncretistic variant of Islam to such an extent that Indonesian Muslims hold certain tenets of animism. In spite of the fact that there were a couple of endeavors to execute shariah law inside the national constitution of Indonesia, Indonesia stays a popularity based, liberal and mainstream state where disciples of various religions can uninhibitedly rehearse religion as indicated by their still, small voices. Notwithstanding, a couple of guerrilla radical Islamic gatherings exist in Indonesia that keep on battling for a stricter Islamist state, with the goal that protected laws would be dependent upon shariah law. Â Â Â Â Â Â The political history of Indon esia is wide and overflowing with struggle, victory and expansionism. Between the seventh and fourteenth century A.D., the Indonesian island of Sumatra delighted in the prospering of a Buddhist-focused domain called Srivijaya. This realm spread far and wide to incorporate an immense district including West Java and the Malay Peninsula. In the thirteenth century, the Mataram tradition started as a little realm in focal Java. The narratives of Mataram demonstrate it was a master Islamic state which supported conservation of conventional animism.â The fourteenth century denoted the presentation of another Hindu-based domain named Majapahit. Majapahit kept going around two centuries until the 1600s when the Dutch started a battle of colonization. The messed up realm and separated islands encouraged victory. Soekarno/Sukarno ne Kusno Sosrodihardjo is the driving force behind Pancasila. He developed as Indonesia's first president after the presentation of autonomy and ruled as President until 1967. The finish of WWII denoted the finish of imperialism for Indonesia since Japan involved and oversaw government for a long time between 1942-1945. After Sukarno disavowed power, one of Sukarno's military officers, Suharto, rose to order presidential position. Suharto is noted to have assumed an extraordinary job in the broad carnage of 150,000-500,000 asserted socialists in 1966. As opposed to his ancestor, Suharto's residency introduced Another Order. He set up new arrangements to additionally build up the framework of Indonesia.â After progressive re-appointment terms, President Suharto

In-Depth Psychoanalysis Essay

The arrangement and upkeep of the therapy outline is significant for the capacity of setting up a perfect enthusiastic relationship with a patient. It is the capacity to realize how to help the patient by reasoning the passionate projections and obstructions that are available inside the patient’s mind (Bishop, 1989). The idea of mystic reality grasps the picture of the outer world, which suits the inner world in a person that is made out of manly and ladylike energies. It is significant for psychoanalysts to grasp this current connection between the outer and inside world so the patient won't be confounded in getting their circumstance (Bishop, 1989). In therapy, both expert and patient are relied upon to consolidate the internal and external subjectivity of the patient. The analyst’s primary job is to make sense of what is the extent of that subjectivity and structure an appropriate investigation of it that will have the option to help them two to discover an answer. The examiner ought to endeavor to turn into a piece of the patient’s sickness so as to show up at an answer. This is called Transference which is a focal component to analysis (Bishop, 1989). The entryway to the past is opened through transference as it tries to comprehend the present. Objectivity has no spot in analysis in light of the fact that the procedure is gotten from the complexities found inside the patient’s mind. An expert must have the option to respect the patient’s projections of reality for it is there that the arrangement might be uncovered (Bishop, 1989). A calculated casing exists during the time spent analysis in which the method of transference is demonstrative of the projections offered by both the patient and the expert. It is basic that an investigator keeps up the edge by regarding the patient’s time as it is allowing the patient a chance to deal with their own issues (Bishop, 1989). While both the investigator and the patient stay autonomous, mental interpenetration ought to be experienced by the two gatherings through the consolidated endeavors of projective distinguishing proof. It is a procedure that licenses holding with the patient, insinuating a clairvoyant intercourse. In psychotherapy, the psychotherapist is required to clairvoyantly bond with the patient as a conjugal accomplice that nurture the injured kid found inside the patient (Bishop, 1989). Mental components inside the casing underscores on three things: Neutrality, secrecy and evasion of extra-logical contact. The main component, lack of bias, considers a conduct where the investigator retains outside indications of judgment to keep things proficient and the psychoanalytic procedure unaffected. The subsequent component manages obscurity, which shows detachment of an analyst’s individual life from the calling. It is clouding individual qualities and judgment from a patient, with the exception of on the off chance that it is viewed as advantageous to the current circumstance. The last component, evasion of extra-expository contact, maintains the demonstrable skill of the psychoanalyst by choosing to avoid places where patients would no doubt be. This will set impediments among investigator and patient by not empowering further contact between the two gatherings beside those set up inside the limits of the analysis meetings (Bishop, 1989). Alongside these components, quiet contributes a lot toward intercession in psycho-systematic treatment. It elevates a mentality toward to a gestational state where the individual could consolidate considerations and sentiments. The space in the room ought to be loaded up with the patient’s mind and not the therapists’ information. Quiet permits the patient to focus on what is inside as opposed to what is outside. An examiner should take care not to meddle with this procedure as language may influence its course (Bishop, 1989). Something else an investigator should remember is deciphering the quiet by offering significance to the transference procedure, uncovering the oblivious psyche. The motivation behind unwinding such awareness is to extend the instinctual or the present time and place. Transference carries ascend to protest relations associated with the patient’s tensions toward obviousness (Bishop, 1989). For an expert to be more adjusted toward the necessities of the patient, subordinates must be introduced so as to explain what was gotten from the transference. It is keeping the trade course open and streaming. The edge of analysis ought to be saved so that it permits space for both the patient and the investigator to security together by making sense of the wellspring of the mental distress. It is building up a steady association between the patient and the investigator (Bishop, 1989). 2. Talk about Bion’s Model as it identifies with mental turn of events and psychotherapeutic procedure. What connects do you find in crafted by Freud and Kohut? At first, Bion’s translations of the psyche mind incline toward the possibility that musings go before speculation. He accepts that individuals have existing predispositions about the earth and their acknowledge. At the point when these two components meet, it fills in as a reason for suspecting (Bishop, 1989). Bion proposes that every individual has a tendency to be maniacal (PPP), however it is a lot of not the same as being in a condition of psychosis. For Bion, it includes a lot of procedure wherein adequate injury actuates the inversion of PPP, empowering one to experience such a state. It is filled by the demise intuition that influences the instinctual drive to slaughter and the capacity to think and feel (Bishop, 1989). Sentiments and considerations are handled by the patient as a different substance from the person in question; along these lines, the insane part rises as a confined express that breaks the linkages among contemplations and emotions. Thus, damaging driving forces, narrow minded dissatisfactions, scorn and touchiness happen inside the patient, rendering narcissistic love into perversion (Bishop, 1989). The patient encountering this sort of state lives in a condition of mistreatment through the production of unusual articles or mind flights. This piece of the character depends on evacuating any negative manner of thinking through projective recognizable proof. Regularly, projective recognizable proof alludes to the obsessive component of execution yet under typical conditions, it is a method of relational correspondences that allows the patient to communicate their affections for the expert to comprehend them. Such terrifying articulations of the patient make an edible compartment in the examiner who acknowledges the anticipated reality (Bishop, 1989). The examiner at that point contributes such articulations or beta components encompassing the projection. The investigator needs to recognize how startling the projection is and react to it fittingly.  This process is known as alpha capacity, which just partners itself from the taking care of custom of winged animals. The parent flying creature takes care of the infant by taking the worm and processing it through the formation of reduced down pieces. At the point when the assimilation is accomplished, the parent flying creature spews it in the mouth of the infant fledgling so as to enable the infant to winged animal review the food. The human partner includes the investigator as the parent feathered creature and the patient as the infant winged animal. The patient undertakings a reality to the expert, which thus is sincerely processed by the investigator and offered back to the patient. The expert needs to relapse so as to process projective distinguishing proof so it concurs with what the patient has given (Bishop, 1989). In the event that the beta component returned by the specialist is shaky, the patient will accept that the advisor is of no assistance as the person in question couldn't appreciate the circumstance. This leads the patient to feel misconstrued and alone. From this, the patient begins to extend a progressively brutal demeanor toward the investigator. The result may prompt psychosis if the patient can't discover another compartment on which to extend the beta components. The investigator must have the option to reframe the beta components so as to give the 10,000 foot view to the patient (Bishop, 1989). With respect to Kohut and Freud, both spot unique accentuation on narcissism. Kohut recognizes narcissism as a method of dismissal by disposing of oneself into another’s experience through compassion. It is the essential remedial device that doesn't suggest influence or passionate disposition. The influence is just experienced once the examiner at long last appreciates the patient’s situation (Curtis, 2008). While Freud may have talked about how an individual identifies with their being as an item and makes strife inside if disillusionments happen, isolating it from the line of advancement, Kohut accepts that the narcissistic line is a drawn out procedure. Individuals take what they can from their condition all for the duration of their lives, which is the thing that powers narcissism (Curtis, 2008). The transference in Kohut’s clarification happens in the selfobject relationship which gives a reflecting positive reaction to the patient that is in critical need of it. It is the multiplication of assertion, thankfulness, and satisfaction of direction, which bolsters narcissism in its best sense. The capacity of this is to flexibly the enthusiastic shortfall that is deficient in the earth of the patient (Curtis, 2008). One of the significant changes that have happened from conventional therapy is the presentation of selfobject as a partner of the projective distinguishing proof of Klein/Freud. It sets up essential passionate associations that guide in mental turn of events. The procedure isn't worried about the outside thoughts of oneself however of the internal projections that shows itself through shortages (Curtis, 2008). Another alteration concerns the inclination of the expert of the past to take things from a target point of view to an emotional encounter. This view blocks the current relationship of the examiner understanding into one

DCs Young Animal Round-up, Part One

DCs Young Animal Round-up, Part One Over the past and next few weeks, DCs new imprint Young Animal is launching a number of new titles. Charles Paul Hoffman and I  are sharing our thoughts on each comic in a back and forth discussion. First up: Doom Patrol #1+2 and Shade The Changing Girl #1. Doom Patrol: From Doom Patrol #1 by Gerard Way, Nick Derington, and Tamra Bonvillain CPH: Okay, confession time. Before the Young Animal launch, I had never read any of these books before, and had never even heard of Cave Carson. (Mother Panic is all new, right?) So, I have been going into these totally blind. And… it’s definitely been an experience. Issue #1 starts off normal enough, with Casey Brinke’s life as an ambulance driver, but it quickly veers far off into the absurd. Not just the tiny society living on her partner’s gyro, but the single page “What’s Going on with Niles Caulder” aside (there’s another in the second issue), the fast food franchisers from outer space, the singing-dancing new roommate who accidentally blows up Casey’s old roommate… As I finished the issue, I had a serious “WTF did I just read” sensation. So, of course, I proceeded right on to issue #2, which was totally more of the same. There’s a plot here, but it’s buried underneath what feels like a comic script written by Hunter S. Thompson that’s been translated into Mandarin and then back into English. Maybe this makes more sense if you’ve actually read Doom Patrol before? TM: My experience with the Doom Patrol goes as far as Grant Morrison’s run and their cameos in different DC events, and I ate up both issues like the multi-flavored burritos they are. There are lots of seeming non-sequiturs that are cute winks to Doom Patrol fans that the band is getting back together. I am fine with Way, Derington, and Bonvillain taking their time to introduce a proper arc that pulls everyone together. Randomness for its own sake can be irritating, but I am all about Young Animal’s approach for now. From Doom Patrol #1 by Gerard Way, Nick Derington, and Tamra Bonvillain Add to your Hunter S. Thompson and retranslations the meta-influence of Doom Patrol’s return during DC Rebirth and Vertigo reshuffling. Cliff is struggling to stay in one piece as always, but so is DC’s publishing line, effectively segmenting Vertigo into this Young Animal side avenue under Way. The Casey Brinke protagonist stand-in cycles between a job and videogames, and gets shocked into paying attention. I wonder how many of Way’s followers were weirded into reading more than one issue, let alone track #1 of a new comics series? You had a “WTF” experience, Charles. Was it fun? CPH: Yeah, it was definitely fun for a couple of issues. And there is a real sense that this is, as you say, the “getting the band back together” intro arc before we get into the ongoing adventures. So, I’ll be here at least through the end of this arc before making the decision whether this needs to go on my pull list or just isn’t for me. Shade the Changing Girl: From Shade The Changing Girl #1 by Cecil Castelucci, Marley Zarcone, and Kelly Fitzpatrick CPH: Funny story: I read Shade the Changing Girl #1 before Doom Patrol and I initially thought it was a tad hard to follow, but in retrospect it’s like a well-organized five paragraph essay next to DP. I really liked STCG. Maybe a tiny bit more background would have been helpful for new readers, but I guess all you really need to know is that Loma is a disaffected alien looking for a new adventure, she steals Rac Shade’s madness coat, and inhabits the body that Megan Boyer wasn’t really using. Watching Loma interact with Megan’s family and “friends” has been a lot of fun so far. We’re slowly getting the sense that Megan was a genuinely terrible person, and it will be interesting to see how Loma rebuilds Megan’s life and relationships (or not, as the case may be). The creative teamâ€"all women, I might note!â€"has done a fantastic job so far of creating an environment infused with madness. Not just the madness of Loma and Shade’s madness coat, which manifests in Zarcone and Fitzpatrick’s psychedelic imagery, but also the insanity of everyday life. There’s a real potential here to dig into some issues we don’t usually see in comics, such as how living as a teenage girl in the deeply sexist American society is enough to drive one mad. I’m really loving STCG so far, and hope it gets a nice long run to explore these issues. From Shade The Changing Girl #1 by Cecil Castelucci, Marley Zarcone, and Kelly Fitzpatrick TM: Part of my enjoyment of Young Animal’s material so far comes from the difficulty of spotting the “tether” between each book’s status quo and where it’s heading. A lot of superhero burnout can come from watching the limits of a book’s setup stretch to the same limit over and over until the reader sees the tether before it’s even moved. Shade The Changing Girl, though? I felt a lot like you did during Doom Patrol, Charles. I had no reference point that wasn’t built in real time, scene for scene. The combination of alien society, human society, and recurring trippy imagery kept me guessing from scene to scene. Any comic that feels like an ever-changing discovery is worth following. I think Young Animal is two for two in this roundup. What about you? CPH: Agree. I’m not sure I’ll stick around long-term for DP, but pretty much everyone else seems to adore the book, and STCG is promising a perspective we don’t see a lot in Big 2 comics. So far, the Young Animal relaunch is reminding me of the best of 1990s Vertigo, but with a contemporary flair. (Probably not a huge surprise, since both Doom Patrol and Shade, the Changing Man were in the Vertigo lineup when the imprint launched.) Here’s hoping it succeeds like early Vertigo in bringing that odd, uncanny voice to a mass audience. TM:  Heres hoping that any resemblance to the 90s fades away to transform into an all-new kind of touchingly weird. Thats it for Part One! Well see you next time to discuss Cave Carson Has A Cybernetic Eye and Mother Panic. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Chinese Shih Poetry And Philosophy Essay - 1118 Words

Since the beginning of time, man has sought to explain the world around him. This is called philosophy, a Greek word which means quot;love of wisdom.quot; However, over the millennia it has come to mean much more. The philosophies of the ancient Chinese people, whether they explain nature or present ways to live a just life, became so complex that simple prose could not suitably express their meaning. Yet paradoxically, the simpler, less exact form of poetry does put forth the ideas. Nowhere is this more exemplified than in the literature pertaining to the two major schools of ancient Chinese thought; Taoism and Confucianism. Poets such as Tu Fu and Po Chà ¼-i expressed the ideas of Taoism and Confucianism, respectively, while their†¦show more content†¦The first known Taoist master was the ancient figure Lao Tzu. Perplexed by Chinese politics in his day, Lao Tzu planned to leave Chinese society for the wilderness of western China. But, before he could do this, he was stopp ed by a man who asked him to write down all of his ideas and beliefs. The result was the Tao Te Ching, or the Book of the Virtue of the Way. The book set forth the basic ideas of Taoism; that is, following the Tao, or the Way. The main goal of Taoists was to live in harmony with the natural world around them, and to rid themselves of materialistic desires. The primary concern for Taoists like Lao Tzu was to understand the way of the world, and to use that knowledge for self-preservation. One of the greatest poets in Chinese history to demonstrate Taoism in his poetry was Tu Fu. One example can be found in the poem that he Sent to Li Po as a Gift. At the end of the poem, he closes his message to Li Po this way, quot;Your days pass in emptiness, / Your nature is a spreading fire, / It is swift and strenuous. / But what does all this bravery amount to?quot; This shows a Taoist idea that man should not put too much effort into life, and should simply follow where fate leads. Tu Fu is telling his friend that he lives in simplicity, yet he lives in excess of those simple things; something that Taoist should not do. Loneliness is another poem where Tu Fu shows his Taoist beliefs. The eighth line reads,Show MoreRelated Confucianism and the Chinese View of Life Essay3835 Words   |  16 Pagesendangered, and his States and all their clans are preserved.† – Confucius -- Confucianism created the Chinese view of life. The Confucian view is based on the ancient Chinese tradition. It can be stated that the view of Confucius and that of the Chinese began in the same place (  Bush, 15). In subsequent centuries Confucius’ teachings exerted a powerful influence on the Chinese nation. Therefore, the history that surrounds both Confucius as well as Confucianism is relevant to how many easternRead MoreChinese Literature And Culture Of China1497 Words   |  6 Pages Chinese Literature and Culture Literature has a very important role to play in society and in the lives of all the people. It is an immeasurable realm and its influence is far beyond the reaches of people and one’s own comprehension of mind. It is such an enormous expanse that one would begin to articulate some form of response. Chinese literature, to many westerners, has not been easily accessible as it had remained hidden in the higher strata of the society â€Å"shi da fu (Ã¥ £ «Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ ¤ «)† in Chinese cultureRead MoreAesthetic Differences Between Chinese and Western Poetry1726 Words   |  7 PagesAesthetic differences between Chinese and Western Poetry —critics on Xu Yuanchong’s Chinese poetry translation 1 Introduction Nowadays in China, there are mainly two kinds of different opinions on translating classical Chinese poems. On one side, Xu Yuanzhong, as a representativeï ¼Å'hold that classical Chinese poems should be translated in the form of poems(rhymed verse translation). Xu Yuanzhong put forward the Theory of Three Beauties and the Theory of Rivalry. On the other side, scholars such asRead More Zen Buddhist Perspectives on Modern Education Essay3329 Words   |  14 Pagesvisited India between 629 - 646 A.D. and studied at Nalanda. Hsuan tsang reported that, at Nalanda University, the number of teachers was 1,500 and of learners 10,000. Indeed, Nalanda University was the center of Buddhist education. Another famous Chinese monk, I tsing traveled in India between 671 - 695 A.D. I tsing also reported that in monasteries, in addition to different sutras, Sanskrit grammar, Indian logic, and metaphysics were taught. (3) Also, Buddhist art as well as medicine were essentialRead MoreYin And Yang : W hat Do The Chinese? Believe About Nature?3063 Words   |  13 PagesYin and Yang What do the Chinese in this period believe about nature? Which society in today’s time has the clearest connections to the past? How many civilizations were there in the classical period, for China? Name all of them in order When did the Zhou dynasty start to decline? What were the people who received land from the ruler supposed to give the government in return for the land? What was the main reason the Zhou dynasty in decline? What wasRead MoreCciv5042 Words   |  21 Pagesto Qing Dynasty Hee Dam Yoon (52775031) Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty was the golden age of landscape painting in Chinese history. Many artists developed landscape painting during Five Dynasties so, the development in the Song period was smoothly started. Especially emperor Song Huizong enjoyed contribution on art cultivation during the Song Dynasty, so, the soaring of Chinese landscape painting was possible (Hough, â€Å"Sung Dynasty (1960-1179)†). Features of this period are vision of nature andRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 PagesNEAR EASTERN EMPIRES page 14 HOW DID conquest and trade shape early empires in the Near East? EARLY INDIAN CIVILIZATION page 16 WHAT INFLUENCES did the first Indus valley civilization have on later Indian religious and social practices? EARLY CHINESE CIVILIZATION page 23 WHY DID large territorial states arise in ancient China? THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION IN THE AMERICAS page 27 HOW DID agriculture influence the development of civilizations in Mesoamerica? 1 he earliest humans lived by huntingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesDecision Making? 187 Three Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American Time 171 Myth or Science? Creative Decision Making Is a Right-Brain Activity 181 Self-Assessment Library Am I A Deliberate Decision Maker? 183 An Ethical Choice Whose Ethical Standards to Follow? 185 Self-Assessment Library How

Definition Essay Topics List - Overview

Definition Essay Topics List - Overview The Definition Essay Topics List Game Before getting to writing a definition essay, you must be certain that you comprehend the significance of the term completely because some terms are confusing, and you might wind up writing from the topic. Since you may see, there isn't anything complicated about explaining the meanings of unique words. You should write properly which terms you're likely to define. There are four distinct methods for defining a term based on the discipline. Sometimes people just can't begin writing their essay without looking at an entire instance of somebody else, seeing the structure and the way it's written. You ought to understand the term for you to be simple to define it for others. By way of example, individuals are somewhat more likely to agree with a definition of cat, while the expression happiness is going to be defined in various ways. For instance, it must mean various things to various men and women. The Most Popular Definition Essay Topics List You must be aware of the available forms of definitions in essay writing. As you probably already know, simply because you've got a definition essay topic and a couple examples doesn't signify you've got an essay. The majority of the topics for definition essays are usually based on contradictory stipulations, and therefore your function for a writer is to make sure that you give an easy clarification. Among the various sorts of essay, there's a definition essay that could a ppear to be among the most simple assignments. You might also see short essays. You can also see literacy essay. You can also see scholarship essay. You've approached the last portion of your essay. There are a lot of ways to define the major term of your essay. In the principal area of the essay, you have to analyze the selected word. When writing an essay, you might want to define a few of that terminology that's familiar to you. Definition Essay Topics List Secrets That No One Else Knows About Standard definition is the one which you will see in the dictionary. A typical definition is essentially a dictionary definition of the word. A term can have many meanings, and that means you should place every meaning into its paragraph. Instead, you should explain the significance of the word in your terms. Do not assume that you will need to rely just on the definition of the dictionary. The Downside Risk of Definition Essay Topics List A definition essay is a particular kind of assignment that simply explains the significance of a particular term. It is a type of essay in which you have to explain the word due to its general meaning, historical background, and cultural perception. It explores the history of a certain term and the author's personal understanding of the particular concept or term. It can focus on one method or it can incorporate multiple methods to help the explanation. A wide type consists of issues that aren't referents of the idea. After you give a definition, you will always produce illustrations, and as soon as you don't remind the reader of what you were defining, they're likely to receive lost on the way. Pick the word The very first step to writing a definition essay is to select the word. Such kind of writing does not require a normal thesis. Be certain that you emphasize the term you're defining you ought to be in a position to emphasize the term you're describing in your essay in order for the reader can't get lost in your illustrations. The format of your extended definition essay is dependent on the formatting style you will have to use. You could possibly be requested to select MLA, APA, Oxford, Harvard or one of different styles based on the major and subject you're studying. You could also see elements of an essay. As soon as you've brainstormed the parts, you're prepared to make an outline, and after that compose some paragraphs. You are able to write Definition Essay for a course or merely try out writing it to boost your English abilities, make it something like a language challenge. Don't select an easy word since it won't offer you enough info to write about. There's an advised sequence of actions to discover relevant information regarding the term. So, whenever you really feel like buying an essay online, we're here to assist you out!

A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force Free Essays

Domestic violence causes far more pain than the visible marks of bruises and scars. It is devastating to be abused by someone that you love and think loves you in return. My resolution that I will be debating is â€Å"A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force is a Just Response to Repeated Domestic Violence†. We will write a custom essay sample on A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force or any similar topic only for you Order Now Domestic Violence is a pattern of behavior which involves the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, cohabitation, dating or within the family. I value the life of both parties including the person who is committing the act of domestic violence. The victim of domestic violence isn’t justified in using deadly force unless the person is committing an act of domestic violence on the victim right that moment. That statement brings me to my first contention, the life of each person involved in a domestic violence dispute are both important. If you are the victim of repeated domestic violence you shouldn’t use deadly force unless it’s in self defense. Read this â€Å"The Secrets of Haiti’s Living Dead† Murder in the first degree is any murder that is willful and premeditated and by killing the man or woman that committed the act of domestic violence you are indeed going to prison to be put on death row. Jodi Arias a young woman killed her boyfriend Travis Alexander and lied about it for two years in 2008. Then in 2010 she confessed to killing her boyfriend in self defense by shooting him once and stabbing him 27 times. Arias say Alexander attacked her, but police say she planned the attack in a jealous rage. Jodi said that that Travis often had violent outburst that resulted in domestic violence. My second contention How to cite A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force, Papers A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force Free Essays Domestic violence causes far more pain than the visible marks of bruises and scars. It is devastating to be abused by someone that you love and think loves you in return. My resolution that I will be debating is â€Å"A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force is a Just Response to Repeated Domestic Violence†. We will write a custom essay sample on A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force or any similar topic only for you Order Now Domestic Violence is a pattern of behavior which involves the abuse by one partner against another in an intimate relationship such as marriage, cohabitation, dating or within the family. I value the life of both parties including the person who is committing the act of domestic violence. The victim of domestic violence isn’t justified in using deadly force unless the person is committing an act of domestic violence on the victim right that moment. That statement brings me to my first contention, the life of each person involved in a domestic violence dispute are both important. If you are the victim of repeated domestic violence you shouldn’t use deadly force unless it’s in self defense. Murder in the first degree is any murder that is willful and premeditated and by killing the man or woman that committed the act of domestic violence you are indeed going to prison to be put on death row. Jodi Arias a young woman killed her boyfriend Travis Alexander and lied about it for two years in 2008. Then in 2010 she confessed to killing her boyfriend in self defense by shooting him once and stabbing him 27 times. Arias say Alexander attacked her, but police say she planned the attack in a jealous rage. Jodi said that that Travis often had violent outburst that resulted in domestic violence. My second contention How to cite A Victims Deliberate Use of Deadly Force, Essay examples

The Families Assessment in Nursing Essay Example

The Families Assessment in Nursing Paper Increasingly nursing is recognizing the significance of the family to the health and well being of individual family members (wright Leahey, 2000). Hatrick (1998) suggests family nursing in undergraduate nursing education will provide nurses with theoretical and practical skills to work effectively with families. This paper will demonstrate the assessment of one family using the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) as well as the Calgary Family Intervention Model (CFIM). The CFAM will provide information on the structural, developmental and functional components of the family. The familys strengths and weaknesses are identified, and the role of a community resource in this familys life is described. This discussion will demonstrate the relationship these concepts have on health and nursing in the family. All member of the family interviewed for this assignment agreed to participate but their names have been changed to ensure confidentiality. The Calgary Family Assessment Model The CFAM is an integrated conceptual framework developed by Wright and Leahey for use when interviewing and making assessment of families. We will write a custom essay sample on The Families Assessment in Nursing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Families Assessment in Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Families Assessment in Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The CFAM consists of three major categories: structural, developmental and functional. Each category contains its own subcategories that may be relevant or appropriate depending on the family being assessed. This assessment focuses on the interaction among all of the individuals withing a family. Structural Category Structural assessment aims to identify who is in the family, relationships among family member and those outside the family, and the familys context. (Wright and Leahey, 2000). The Smith family is a white single parent family consisting of Heather and her two year old daughter Brianna. Briannas father has not lived with them for a year and a half and currently lives two hours away, as do Heathers family. Brianna has weekly contact on the phone with her father and stays with him one weekend a month. Heathers parents divorced when she was thirteen. Her father has remarried and has three daughters from his second marriage. There is no rivalry between Heather and her half-sisters. Heathers mother and elderly grand-parents have weekly contact with the Smiths and are readily available to them both. Support may be financial, emotional or help with childcare. Heather described the relationship with her grandparents as very special. Heather sets the family boundaries at present and feels confident they both have support thru friends and family to discuss any problems that may occur. Heather and Brianna belong to many subsystems within their own family. They both belong to an only child subsystem, a female subsystem and a parent child subsystem. There are larger systems this family has meaningful contact with. These include Heathers work, Briannas daycare, the local health center and the gym. These subsystems all contribute in some way to the health and well being of this family (Wright and Leahey, 2000). As a single mother Heather encompasses the traditional gender roles of both male and female. This involves child-rearing and nurturing as well as financial and disciplining roles. The Smiths moved to the city a year ago hoping to improve choices and opportunities for themselves. Heather works 20 hours a week in a hotel and Brianna is in subsidized daycare 25 hours a week. They live in a large renter house and have a large dog for security. With one income and increased cost of living in the city, the Smiths remain in a lower socioeconomic class. Heather hopes to attend university in the future, but accepts it will be a struggle to meet the rising costs of housing, education and travel for herself and Brianna as a single parent family. Heather expressed no religious or spiritual beliefs that she and Brianna maintain. Developmental Category The focus of this category is on the developmental life cycle stages of the family including the emotional process and changes within family roles (Wright and Leahey, 2000). The Smiths are presently in stage three of the family life cycle, which focuses on families with young children (Santrock, 1997). However, this is relevant to a middle class North American family and assumes there are two parents. The CFAM does not clearly define a life cycle for a single parent family. This model fails to consider differing lifestyles, cultures, population and economics that may affect a family. This highlights a possible need for an updated model that can be adapted to any family situation. There are six stages in this developmental framework. Theses include leaving home, marriage, families with young children, families with adolescents, entries and exits from family system and families in later life. Within each stage there are specific tasks the family undertakes. At stage three these are, making space for children, joining in household tasks and activities and involving extended family in parenting and grand parenting roles (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Heathers life changed considerably after the birth of her daughter. She adjusted her life to meet the responsibilities and needs of parenthood. Briannas father found the adjustment in lifestyle difficult resulting in their separation. Heather continues to provide for Brianna thru parenting, financial support and performing household tasks. Briannas father pays weekly payments that are included in Heathers income. Both parents, contribute to Briannas development as a person. Extended family members provide emotional support and some financial support to Heather and Brianna. Heather feels she has a closer bond with her parents and grandparents now. She encourages Briannas involvement with her father. This has involved a realignment of Heathers relationship with him to provide healthy role models for Brianna. Brianna spends more time with her mother, thus they have a stronger relationship then she does with her father who is under involved with Brianna at present. Heather hopes this will improve. Functional Category Functional assessment focuses on interaction and communication among family members. Two main aspects are instrumental and expressive functioning. Instrumental functioning refers to the routine activities of daily living (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Much of this is attended to by Heather. As Briannas main care giver she is responsible for ensuring her own and her daughters food, hygiene and sleep requirements are met. If Heather is working or unwell she ensures Briannas instrumental needs are met by a friend or extended family member. She encourages Briannas independence with her own self care such as brushing her teeth with a little help, to remove some pressures of being a solo parent. Expressive functioning focuses on patterns of interaction among family members through various means of communication (Wright and Leahey,2000). Heather stated she feels able to express her feelings with Brianna. This was helped by a parenting course and anger management where Heather learnt new ways of expressing her emotions. They showed Heather the impact of circular communication patterns and how they influence relationships. She now uses therapeutic communication skills such as time out and eye contact with Brianna. Use of nonverbal communication was evident throughout the interview. Brianna would watch her mothers body language and facial cues for approval. If Brianna wanted attention she used a combination of touch, speech and eye contact with Heather. The Smiths expressed effective problem solving techniques. Heather discusses any problems with a close friend. For further support or advise she approaches teachers at Briannas daycare, her family, doctor or public health nurse. A possible cause is identified and a plan of action implemented. Heather and her friend later evaluate the situation and seek more help if necessary. Heather stated she finds this effective and this removes some of the pressure of being a the main care giver and a first time parent. As a single parent Heathers role extends beyond being a mother. She appreciates the influence her role may have on Brianna and encourages the relationship with her father and extended family so she can experience a variety of social influences. Since third move to the city, Heather feels the parent child bond with Brianna has strengthened. This is expressed through showing affection, verbally and non verbally as well as with praise for each other. This bond is likely to be stronger as they share a mother child bond and live together away from extended family. Heather uses mostly traditional medicine and trusts the advice of her doctor and public health nurse. Having community Based services and easy access to health services for Brianna and herself makes this the perfect option. Heather occasionally uses alternatives from a health shop for herself, but finds this way to expensive and as a result her choice is limited. Family Strengths Support Systems Supportive relationships and adequate social networks are beneficial to health and well being. This is highly relevant to the Smiths who have a wide network of friends, extended family and social agencies. Friends and family provide emotional and sometimes financial support. Briannas daycare encourages her educational development and gives Heather the opportunity to work. They also help Heather with parenting education and nutritional advice. The local medical center attends to the Smiths physical needs and offers education and advice on health issues such as smoking. All of these support systems contribute to the health and well being of the Smith family. Communication It was evident from the expressive functioning category of the CFAm that the smiths use a variety of communication skills. This is important due to the developmental age of Brianna who may express feelings and emotions in different ways to a grown child or adult. Heather attended a parenting course that aided communication skills to improve their relationship. These skills assisted Heather in completing and anger management course. Heather is now more able and confident in expressing her familys health needs and requirements to benefit them both. Nutrition Eating habits based on moderation and variety can help maintain and improve a persons health. Heather values the importance of nutrition through er own reading, information from Briannas daycare and the public health nurse. She ensures Brianna has protein and calcium to assist her growth and carbohydrates for fibre and energy. They eat regular servings of fresh fruits and vegetable. Heather is aware of the high incidence of osteoporosis and iron deficiency in women and has increased her intake of calcium and red meat to account for this. It is hoped healthy eating in childhood will help Brianna make healthy choices when she grows up and is living on her own. Weaknesses Smoking Heather has smoked for seven years. She finds it comforting and it helps to relieve stress. Studies have shown people in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to smoke then those of high social class. Heather is aware of the financial and health consequences of smoking and hopes to give it up in the near future with the help of the nicotine patches available at a reduced cost due to her insurance plan from work. Knowing the harmful effects of passive smoking on Brianna and her own health, Heather is determined to give up this unhealthy and expensive habit. Financial The smiths are in a lower socioeconomic class due to their reliance on social services for help with living costs. Although Heather works part time she loses some of her accommodation supplement as a result and has to pay part of Briannas daycare costs. Their move to the city has meant increased housing costs and the cost of education for Brianna greater, making their choices limited. Community Resource The Elspeth Reid Family Resource Center (ERFRC) is an important community resource for the smith family. The center offers, parenting classes, 2 hours of free day care and a thrift store and many other services for families of all different types. They provide family support, early childhood education and care, family counseling and parenting education. Brianna attends daycare five days a week while Heather is at work. This is run by two registered teachers and to teaching assistants. This community resource contributes to the health and well being of the Smiths by providing education that encourages a healthy lifestyle, incorporating physical, mental and social aspects of health. Critical Social Theory Critical social theory was developed in the 1920s by a number of philosophers, at the Frankfurt School in Germany (Boychuck Duchscher, 1999). This theory provides a philosophical framework that aims to liberate individuals to see the conditions in society that constrain their participation in social interaction. It has been identified that there are three practical elements of critical social theory, which are enlightenment, empowerment and emancipation. These elements are useful for nursing practice as a pragmatic approach is required. The theory suggests critical social theory can only be achieved when all three elements are completed. Enlightenment involves encouraging individuals to recognize social conditions and constraints that can influence their social reality (Boychuck Duchscher, 1999). The Smiths have utilized the information on nutrition, parenting and safety. This education has encouraged them to acknowledge the importance of physical, emotional and social factors on their health and well being. Accessing and analyzing this information is the first step towards empowerment. Through critical examination of their reality the Smiths can empower themselves to make lifestyle changes that influence their health outcomes. Heather recognized the need for enlightenment on parenting and communication. Now she has the information and support, she is able to make changes that benefit her family and can move towards emancipation. Emancipation is aimed at freedom from oppression that influences peoples lives. Through the process of enlightenment and empowerment the responsibility in relation to their health needs. They have actively made changes to improve their nutrition and communication, thus influencing their health and well being. Calgary Family Intervention Model The CFAMs counterpart, CFIM provides a model for intervention after the family assessment has occurred. In this model, an intervention is described as action or activity a health car provider performs for or with a patent of family with the intent of causing a change (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Change in this respect, mans an alteration or support of behavior that promotes the ability to provide care for a family member. Each intervention in the model is used to produce changes in the family in the way they think, feel and respond (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Types of interventions used in working with families include: 1. Commending strengths of the family or individual members. 2. Providing information and education. 3. Validating emotions. 4. Allowing them to share the experience of the illness. 5. Encouraging family support. 6. Encouraging members to provide care for the patient. 7. Encouraging respite or relief from car responsibilities when needed and 8. Maintaining family rituals (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Nursing Diagnosis 1. Potential for Social Isolation Related to Care giver stress as evidenced by decreased financial ability to arrange for alternate childcare and distance from family. 2. Increasing utilization of family and community resources. Interventions This family seems to function more in the Behavioral domain of family functioning because Heather likes to do things and get out and acquire information that may help her in one way or another There are many possible interventions for the nursing diagnosis of Potential for social Isolation. Some interventions include informing Heather of some community activities such as the WIN program where she can meet other parents and child care is provided for the duration of the meeting this could also help with financial aspect too because the WIN program offers a small monthly allowance for groceries or what ever its needed for. Encourage Heather to socialize with coworkers at work and arrange a night out every couple of weeks or so. Encourage family visitations and participation in childcare more often. There are also several interventions for the diagnosis of Increasing utilization of family and community resources. They include suggesting ways to conserve resources or to expand resources through sharing with other families or bartering time and resources. Also by discussing community resources with family to help them know what is available and how to use them, the WIN program could also come into play here. Interceptive Questions How you ask questions during the interview are extremely important because you dont want to lead the person on, so using a variety of questions to help you get the information you need is usual a good way of getting accurate information. So examples of different types of questions are as follows: Difference Question 1. Whos the best in your family to come to your aid when you need it? 2. When you were first divorced and a now a single parent what did members of you family do to help make things easier on you. Behavioral Effect Question 1. What do you do when your ex-husband is either late picking up or dropping off Brianna? 2. How often do you go out with friends and who watches Brianna? Hypothetical/future-oriented Question 1. When do you think Brianna will start asking questions about your divorce? And what will you tell her? 2. Do you think that Brianna will blame herself for the divorce? If yes how will you deal with it? Triadic Question 1. If Briannas father were willing to take her more often then once a month do you think Brianna would want that? 2. What do you think Briannas father needs to do, in order to be more involved in Briannas life? Conclusion. The increasing importance of family nursing incorporating the use of an assessment and intervention framework has been identified. The Calgary Family Assessment Model and the Calgary Family Intervention Model was used to describe all the different components of the Smith Family. These components acknowledged the extended family, subsystems, larger systems this family has contact with as well as interventions aimed at helping the family improve the quality of their lives if even only a little. Their lower socioeconomic status and struggles as a single parent family were described in relation to their developmental life cycle stage, although the CFAM does not clearly define an appropriate cycle for this family. The Smiths used a variety of communication skills to interact with each other and these skills assist in the expression of feelings and problem solving withing the family. The Smiths support systems, communication skills and nutrition were identified as strengths in relation to meeting their health needs. Smoking and finances were noted as possible weaknesses and interventions were addressed at these problems. Briannas daycare was recognized as an important community resource for this family through its provision of support and education for Heather. The nursess role is relevant in family assessment to identify the need for educator, support and enlightenment on the effects of social influences on health. As identified with the Smiths, critical social theory is an important tool for nurses in recognizing, supporting and improving the health of families. Bibliography : References Boychuk Duchscher, J. E. (1999). Catching the wave: Understanding the concept of critical thinking. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 29(3), 577-583 Hatrick, G. (1998). A critical pedagogy for family nursing, Journal of Nursing Education, 37(2), 80-84. Martin-Arafeh, J. M. , Watson, C. L, Mcmurtry Baird, S. (1999). Promoting Family-Centered Care in High Risk Pregnancy The Journal of Perinatal Neonatal Nursing 13(1), 27-42 Santrock, J. W. (1997). Life-span development (6th ed. ). USA: Brown Benchmark. World Health Organization. (1986). Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Canada: World Health Organization. Wright, L. , Leahey, M. (2000). Nurses and families: A guide to family assessment and interventions (3rd ed. ). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Co. The Families Assessment in Nursing Essay Example The Families Assessment in Nursing Paper Increasingly nursing is recognizing the significance of the family to the health and well being of individual family members (wright Leahey, 2000). Hatrick (1998) suggests family nursing in undergraduate nursing education will provide nurses with theoretical and practical skills to work effectively with families. This paper will demonstrate the assessment of one family using the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) as well as the Calgary Family Intervention Model (CFIM). The CFAM will provide information on the structural, developmental and functional components of the family. The familys strengths and weaknesses are identified, and the role of a community resource in this familys life is described. This discussion will demonstrate the relationship these concepts have on health and nursing in the family. All member of the family interviewed for this assignment agreed to participate but their names have been changed to ensure confidentiality. The Calgary Family Assessment Model The CFAM is an integrated conceptual framework developed by Wright and Leahey for use when interviewing and making assessment of families. The CFAM consists of three major categories: structural, developmental and functional. Each category contains its own subcategories that may be relevant or appropriate depending on the family being assessed. This assessment focuses on the interaction among all of the individuals withing a family. Structural Category Structural assessment aims to identify who is in the family, relationships among family member and those outside the family, and the familys context. (Wright and Leahey, 2000). The Smith family is a white single parent family consisting of Heather and her two year old daughter Brianna. Briannas father has not lived with them for a year and a half and currently lives two hours away, as do Heathers family. Brianna has weekly contact on the phone with her father and stays with him one weekend a month. We will write a custom essay sample on The Families Assessment in Nursing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Families Assessment in Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Families Assessment in Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heathers parents divorced when she was thirteen. Her father has remarried and has three daughters from his second marriage. There is no rivalry between Heather and her half-sisters. Heathers mother and elderly grand-parents have weekly contact with the Smiths and are readily available to them both. Support may be financial, emotional or help with childcare. Heather described the relationship with her grandparents as very special. Heather sets the family boundaries at present and feels confident they both have support thru friends and family to discuss any problems that may occur. Heather and Brianna belong to many subsystems within their own family. They both belong to an only child subsystem, a female subsystem and a parent child subsystem. There are larger systems this family has meaningful contact with. These include Heathers work, Briannas daycare, the local health center and the gym. These subsystems all contribute in some way to the health and well being of this family (Wright and Leahey, 2000). As a single mother Heather encompasses the traditional gender roles of both male and female. This involves child-rearing and nurturing as well as financial and disciplining roles. The Smiths moved to the city a year ago hoping to improve choices and opportunities for themselves. Heather works 20 hours a week in a hotel and Brianna is in subsidized daycare 25 hours a week. They live in a large renter house and have a large dog for security. With one income and increased cost of living in the city, the Smiths remain in a lower socioeconomic class. Heather hopes to attend university in the future, but accepts it will be a struggle to meet the rising costs of housing, education and travel for herself and Brianna as a single parent family. Heather expressed no religious or spiritual beliefs that she and Brianna maintain. Developmental Category The focus of this category is on the developmental life cycle stages of the family including the emotional process and changes within family roles (Wright and Leahey, 2000). The Smiths are presently in stage three of the family life cycle, which focuses on families with young children (Santrock, 1997). However, this is relevant to a middle class North American family and assumes there are two parents. The CFAM does not clearly define a life cycle for a single parent family. This model fails to consider differing lifestyles, cultures, population and economics that may affect a family. This highlights a possible need for an updated model that can be adapted to any family situation. There are six stages in this developmental framework. Theses include leaving home, marriage, families with young children, families with adolescents, entries and exits from family system and families in later life. Within each stage there are specific tasks the family undertakes. At stage three these are, making space for children, joining in household tasks and activities and involving extended family in parenting and grand parenting roles (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Heathers life changed considerably after the birth of her daughter. She adjusted her life to meet the responsibilities and needs of parenthood. Briannas father found the adjustment in lifestyle difficult resulting in their separation. Heather continues to provide for Brianna thru parenting, financial support and performing household tasks. Briannas father pays weekly payments that are included in Heathers income. Both parents, contribute to Briannas development as a person. Extended family members provide emotional support and some financial support to Heather and Brianna. Heather feels she has a closer bond with her parents and grandparents now. She encourages Briannas involvement with her father. This has involved a realignment of Heathers relationship with him to provide healthy role models for Brianna. Brianna spends more time with her mother, thus they have a stronger relationship then she does with her father who is under involved with Brianna at present. Heather hopes this will improve. Functional Category Functional assessment focuses on interaction and communication among family members. Two main aspects are instrumental and expressive functioning. Instrumental functioning refers to the routine activities of daily living (Wright and Leahey, 2000). Much of this is attended to by Heather. As Briannas main care giver she is responsible for ensuring her own and her daughters food, hygiene and sleep requirements are met. If Heather is working or unwell she ensures Briannas instrumental needs are met by a friend or extended family member. She encourages Briannas independence with her own self care such as brushing her teeth with a little help, to remove some pressures of being a solo parent. Expressive functioning focuses on patterns of interaction among family members through various means of communication (Wright and Leahey,2000). Heather stated she feels able to express her feelings with Brianna. This was helped by a parenting course and anger management where Heather learnt new ways of expressing her emotions. They showed Heather the impact of circular communication patterns and how they influence relationships. She now uses therapeutic communication skills such as time out and eye contact with Brianna. Use of nonverbal communication was evident throughout the interview. Brianna would watch her mothers body language and facial cues for approval. If Brianna wanted attention she used a combination of touch, speech and eye contact with Heather. The Smiths expressed effective problem solving techniques. Heather discusses any problems with a close friend. For further support or advise she approaches teachers at Briannas daycare, her family, doctor or public health nurse. A possible cause is identified and a plan of action implemented. Heather and her friend later evaluate the situation and seek more help if necessary. Heather stated she finds this effective and this removes some of the pressure of being a the main care giver and a first time parent. As a single parent Heathers role extends beyond being a mother. She appreciates the influence her role may have on Brianna and encourages the relationship with her father and extended family so she can experience a variety of social influences. Since third move to the city, Heather feels the parent child bond with Brianna has strengthened. This is expressed through showing affection, verbally and non verbally as well as with praise for each other. This bond is likely to be stronger as they share a mother child bond and live together away from extended family. Heather uses mostly traditional medicine and trusts the advice of her doctor and public health nurse. Having community Based services and easy access to health services for Brianna and herself makes this the perfect option. Heather occasionally uses alternatives from a health shop for herself, but finds this way to expensive and as a result her choice is limited. Family Strengths Support Systems Supportive relationships and adequate social networks are beneficial to health and well being. This is highly relevant to the Smiths who have a wide network of friends, extended family and social agencies. Friends and family provide emotional and sometimes financial support. Briannas daycare encourages her educational development and gives Heather the opportunity to work. They also help Heather with parenting education and nutritional advice. The local medical center attends to the Smiths physical needs and offers education and advice on health issues such as smoking. All of these support systems contribute to the health and well being of the Smith family. Communication It was evident from the expressive functioning category of the CFAm that the smiths use a variety of communication skills. This is important due to the developmental age of Brianna who may express feelings and emotions in different ways to a grown child or adult. Heather attended a parenting course that aided communication skills to improve their relationship. These skills assisted Heather in completing and anger management course. Heather is now more able and confident in expressing her familys health needs and requirements to benefit them both. References: Friedman, Marilyn M.  Family nursing: Theory and practice. McGraw-Hill/Appleton Lange, 1992. Morton, Patricia Gonce, et al.  Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 2017. Potter, Patricia Ann.  Fundamentals of nursing. Vol. 1. Mosby Incorporated, 2001.